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These settings determine how fast parallelized procedures, such as analyses of sound, will be performed on your computer. You can use these settings for tuning e.g. a specific analysis procedure. These settings are "debug settings" that are not remembered across Praat sessions.
Suppose we have 10 threads available for an analysis that needs 500 frames to be processed. Let’s suppose that 50 frames per thread has been selected. This means that 10 threads will be used, with each thread analysing 50 frames. The first thread will analyse frames 1 to 50, the second thread will analyse frames 51 till 100, the third thread will analyse frames 101 till 150, etc. The tenth thread will analyse frames 451 till 500. All these threads will be executed, in parallel, almost at the same time, which guarantees a significant decrease in analysis time as compared to single threading. How much it will speed up depends on a number of factors: starting up a thread costs time, and allocating per-thread analysis buffers costs time; this is why it isn’t usually advantageous for e.g. 50 frames to be analysed by 16 threads (2 to 10 threads is more common, for 50 frames).
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